【衛星互聯網】
一、衛星互聯網是一套通過衛星實現全球聯網的通信系統，為地面、空中和海上用戶提供寬帶互聯網接入服務。它通常包括衛星、地面站（作為網關）和用戶終端三個部件。
二、中國對衛星互聯網建設需求迫切，有以下原因：
1. 在國傢安全領域，衛星互聯網的重要作用已在俄烏戰爭等場景中得到證明，因此建設具有自主可控性的寬帶衛星星座勢在必行。
2. 由於低軌軌道資源和通信頻段資源稀缺，並受國際電聯的"先占先得"規則限制，中國需要迅速搶占低軌衛星資源。
3. 空天地泛在通信是通信技術的必然演進方向，而衛星通信已成為移動通信的重要環節，因此發展衛星互聯網具有較高的確定性。
三、衛星互聯網的商業模式已經初步驗證，具有以下證據：
1. 低軌寬帶星座項目，如銥星、OneWeb和Starlink，已逐步推出商業服務。據銥星公司2022年年報顯示，銥星星座的用戶數量已達199.9萬，全年實現瞭7.2億美元營收和872萬美元利潤，已經實現盈利。
2. 截至2023年5月，Starlink用戶數已超過150萬，自2021年開始提供個人寬帶商業服務以來，實現瞭爆發式增長。
3. 在衛星互聯網相關商業模式初步驗證的基礎上，該模式具有一定的可復制性。
四、衛星互聯網產業鏈具有縱深廣度，有望迎來需求爆發，原因如下：
1. 衛星互聯網產業鏈包括衛星制造、火箭發射、衛星運營和終端設備等多個環節，對相關硬件和軟件配套需求巨大。
2. 大批量發射衛星星座通常在實驗星發射後的1-2年內進行。中國低軌衛星星座產業有望迎來爆發性增長，衛星互聯網全產業鏈的市場空間預計可能達到幹億規模。
（唐加文）
【 Satellite Internet 】
Satellite Internet is a set of communications systems that are globally networked through satellites to provide broadband Internet access to users on the ground, in the air and at sea. It usually consists of three components: satellite, ground station (as a gateway) and user terminal.
Second, China's urgent need for satellite Internet construction, there are the following reasons:
1. In the field of national security, the important role of satellite Internet has been proved in scenarios such as the Russia-Ukraine war, so it is imperative to build a broadband satellite constellation with independent controllability.
2. Due to the scarcity of low-orbit resources and communication frequency band resources, and limited by ITU's "first-first-served" rules, China needs to quickly seize low-orbit satellite resources.
3. Ubiquitous communication is the inevitable evolution direction of communication technology, and satellite communication has become an important part of mobile communication, so the development of satellite Internet has a high certainty.
Third, the business model of satellite Internet has been preliminarily verified, with the following evidence:
1. Low-orbit broadband constellation projects, such as Iridium, OneWeb and Starlink, have gradually launched commercial services. According to Iridium's 2022 annual report, the number of Iridium subscribers has reached 1.999 million, and the annual revenue of 720 million US dollars and profit of 8.72 million US dollars have been profitable.
2. As of May 2023, Starlink has more than 1.5 million subscribers, achieving explosive growth since it began offering commercial personal broadband services in 2021.
3. Based on the preliminary verification of the business model related to satellite Internet, the model has certain reproducibility.
Fourth, the satellite Internet industry chain has a depth and breadth, and is expected to usher in an outbreak of demand for the following reasons:
1. The satellite Internet industry chain includes satellite manufacturing, rocket launch, satellite operation, terminal equipment and other links, and there is a huge demand for related hardware and software.
2. Mass launch of satellite constellations is usually carried out within 1-2 years after the launch of experimental stars. China's low-orbit satellite constellation industry is expected to usher in explosive growth, and the market space of the whole industry chain of satellite Internet is expected to reach 100 million.
